Book Link:
www.must-library.edu.mn/ebook/Touchstone_4_student_book/index.html
http://www.cambridge.org/us/esl/touchstone/student/index.html
http://dictionary.reference.com
www.thefreedictionary.com
www.bolor-toli.com
Touchstone.4
Book link
Sunday, June 14, 2015
Friday, May 29, 2015
Дүн
Шалгалтын дүнгээ вэбэд орохоор нь мес-ээр ирүүлээрэй, харъя
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Дүнгээ гаргахдаа:
- Essay оруулсан хугацаа, өөрийн утга санааг цэгцтэй илэрхийлсэн байдал
- Ирц, хичээлд оролцсон байдал, идэвх, хамгийн эхний өдрийн хичээлийн speaking ("First impression is lasting")
- Блогт хугацаандаа даалгавраа хийсэн эсэх, "эргэх холбоо" - хичээлийг ойлгосоноо илэрхийлсэн байдал,
- Presentation-ы агуулга, сэдвийн хүнд хөнгөн байдал, багаар ажиллах чадвартай эсэх, оролцоо, хамгийн гол нь ярих чадвар, өөрийгөө ойлгуулж илэрхийлэх чадвар г.м олон зүйлсийг харж тооцсон болно.
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Багшаас авсан оноог шалгалтын дүнгээр баталж харуулах хэрэгтэй:
Ялангуяа даалгавраа цагт нь, өөрөө, бүрэн хийсэн бол онооны харьцаа ийм байна гэсэн үг.
70 авсан бол - шалгалтаас 30 авах ёстой бол 62 хэд авах вэ?
62x30=1860 ; 1860 : 70 = 26.5 буюу 70 = 30 / 62 = 26 авах ёстой байна.
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30 онооны шалгалтын дараа харьцааг бодож үзэх болно, дүнгээ ирүүлээрэй.
Цаашид англи хэлээ ингэж сэргээж үзсэн дээрээ тулгуурлаад өдөр бүр өөртөө жаахан цаг гаргаж давтаад хэвшээрэй! Үр дүнд хүрнэ шүү
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Дүнгээ гаргахдаа:
- Essay оруулсан хугацаа, өөрийн утга санааг цэгцтэй илэрхийлсэн байдал
- Ирц, хичээлд оролцсон байдал, идэвх, хамгийн эхний өдрийн хичээлийн speaking ("First impression is lasting")
- Блогт хугацаандаа даалгавраа хийсэн эсэх, "эргэх холбоо" - хичээлийг ойлгосоноо илэрхийлсэн байдал,
- Presentation-ы агуулга, сэдвийн хүнд хөнгөн байдал, багаар ажиллах чадвартай эсэх, оролцоо, хамгийн гол нь ярих чадвар, өөрийгөө ойлгуулж илэрхийлэх чадвар г.м олон зүйлсийг харж тооцсон болно.
************************************************************
Багшаас авсан оноог шалгалтын дүнгээр баталж харуулах хэрэгтэй:
Ялангуяа даалгавраа цагт нь, өөрөө, бүрэн хийсэн бол онооны харьцаа ийм байна гэсэн үг.
70 авсан бол - шалгалтаас 30 авах ёстой бол 62 хэд авах вэ?
62x30=1860 ; 1860 : 70 = 26.5 буюу 70 = 30 / 62 = 26 авах ёстой байна.
************************************************************
30 онооны шалгалтын дараа харьцааг бодож үзэх болно, дүнгээ ирүүлээрэй.
Цаашид англи хэлээ ингэж сэргээж үзсэн дээрээ тулгуурлаад өдөр бүр өөртөө жаахан цаг гаргаж давтаад хэвшээрэй! Үр дүнд хүрнэ шүү
Sunday, May 17, 2015
Хүснэгт
Улирлын эхэнд өгсөн анхааруулгыг дахин сануулья:
- Хичээл таслахад багш их дургүй ! Багшийг, хичээлээ, сурья гэсэн өөрийн сонголтоо, оюутан гэсэн нэр төрөө хүндлэхгүй байна гэж үздэг.
- Даалгавраа өөрөө гүйцэд хийхгүй байхад бас дургүй. Хэлний хичээлийг үнэхээр сурья гэж бодвол биеэ дааж ӨДӨР БҮР цаг гаргаж давтах хэрэгтэй.
- Дүнгээ голсон оюутан өөрийгөө хичээлд хэр оролцсон, даалгаврыг хэр чанартай сэтгэл гаргаж хийснээ эргэж харах хэрэгтэй.
Хүснэгт:
III - Д.Уянга, Ш.Хүдэрчулуун, О.Соёл-Эрдэнэ (бөглөөгүй)
- Хичээл таслахад багш их дургүй ! Багшийг, хичээлээ, сурья гэсэн өөрийн сонголтоо, оюутан гэсэн нэр төрөө хүндлэхгүй байна гэж үздэг.
- Даалгавраа өөрөө гүйцэд хийхгүй байхад бас дургүй. Хэлний хичээлийг үнэхээр сурья гэж бодвол биеэ дааж ӨДӨР БҮР цаг гаргаж давтах хэрэгтэй.
- Дүнгээ голсон оюутан өөрийгөө хичээлд хэр оролцсон, даалгаврыг хэр чанартай сэтгэл гаргаж хийснээ эргэж харах хэрэгтэй.
Хүснэгт:
III - Д.Уянга, Ш.Хүдэрчулуун, О.Соёл-Эрдэнэ (бөглөөгүй)
Friday, May 15, 2015
Wednesday, May 13, 2015
Students
http://pt13e022.blogspot.com/2015/04/reported-speech.html
http://nasaanesh.blogspot.com/2015/05/how-to-making-essay-despitethe-fact.html
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Structure of an essay
1. Introduction : Last sentence = thesis statement ( meaning of the whole essay !)
2. Body:
- 2. First sentence = topic sentence + supporting sentences
- 3. First sentence = topic sentence + supporting sentences
- 4. First sentence = topic sentence + supporting sentences
5. Conclusion : thesis statement - paraphrase !
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http://nasaanesh.blogspot.com/2015/05/how-to-making-essay-despitethe-fact.html
***************************************************************
Structure of an essay
1. Introduction : Last sentence = thesis statement ( meaning of the whole essay !)
2. Body:
- 2. First sentence = topic sentence + supporting sentences
- 3. First sentence = topic sentence + supporting sentences
- 4. First sentence = topic sentence + supporting sentences
5. Conclusion : thesis statement - paraphrase !
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Thursday, May 7, 2015
Tuesday, May 5, 2015
Four Major Types of Essays
1. Narrative
Essays: Telling a Story
In a narrative essay, the writer tells a story about a real-life experience. While telling a story may sound easy to do, the narrative essay challenges students to think and write about themselves. When writing a narrative essay, writers should try to involve the reader by making the story as vivid as possible. The fact that narrative essays are usually written in the first person helps engage the reader. “I” sentences give readers a feeling of being part of the story. A well-crafted narrative essay will also build towards drawing a conclusion or making a personal statement. (- "It's me")
In a narrative essay, the writer tells a story about a real-life experience. While telling a story may sound easy to do, the narrative essay challenges students to think and write about themselves. When writing a narrative essay, writers should try to involve the reader by making the story as vivid as possible. The fact that narrative essays are usually written in the first person helps engage the reader. “I” sentences give readers a feeling of being part of the story. A well-crafted narrative essay will also build towards drawing a conclusion or making a personal statement. (- "It's me")
2. Descriptive
Essays: Painting a Picture
A cousin of the narrative essay, a descriptive essay paints a picture with words. A writer might describe a person, place, object, or even memory of special significance. However, this type of essay is not description for description’s sake. The descriptive essay strives to communicate a deeper meaning through the description. In a descriptive essay, the writer should show, not tell, through the use of colorful words and sensory details. The best descriptive essays appeal to the reader’s emotions, with a result that is highly evocative.
A cousin of the narrative essay, a descriptive essay paints a picture with words. A writer might describe a person, place, object, or even memory of special significance. However, this type of essay is not description for description’s sake. The descriptive essay strives to communicate a deeper meaning through the description. In a descriptive essay, the writer should show, not tell, through the use of colorful words and sensory details. The best descriptive essays appeal to the reader’s emotions, with a result that is highly evocative.
3. Expository
Essays: Just the Facts
The expository essay is an informative piece of writing that presents a balanced analysis of a topic. In an expository essay, the writer explains or defines a topic, using facts, statistics, and examples. Expository writing encompasses a wide range of essay variations, such as the comparison and contrast essay, the cause and effect essay, and the “how to” or process essay. Because expository essays are based on facts and not personal feelings, writers don’t reveal their emotions or write in the first person.
The expository essay is an informative piece of writing that presents a balanced analysis of a topic. In an expository essay, the writer explains or defines a topic, using facts, statistics, and examples. Expository writing encompasses a wide range of essay variations, such as the comparison and contrast essay, the cause and effect essay, and the “how to” or process essay. Because expository essays are based on facts and not personal feelings, writers don’t reveal their emotions or write in the first person.
4. Persuasive
Essays: Convince Me (- "Proposal of a student lounge")
While like an expository essay in its presentation of facts, the goal of the persuasive essay is to convince the reader to accept the writer’s point of view or recommendation. The writer must build a case using facts and logic, as well as examples, expert opinion, and sound reasoning. The writer should present all sides of the argument, but must be able to communicate clearly and without equivocation why a certain position is correct.
While like an expository essay in its presentation of facts, the goal of the persuasive essay is to convince the reader to accept the writer’s point of view or recommendation. The writer must build a case using facts and logic, as well as examples, expert opinion, and sound reasoning. The writer should present all sides of the argument, but must be able to communicate clearly and without equivocation why a certain position is correct.
https://blog.udemy.com/types-of-essays/
http://essayinfo.com/essays/
Sunday, May 3, 2015
Уншаарай
http://www.must.edu.mn/uploads/files/830bc2b50690236a28efdf6f7d8723d97e90433a.pdf
Teacher's points:
I. Attendance (15 weeks ) - 15
II. Test 1 - 10
III. Test 2 - 15
IV. 30:
1. SB - Students' book - ex-s (хүснэгт) : Blog-QA;
- Соёл-Эрдэнэ, Базаррагчаа, Золбоосайхан, Үзмээ, Тулга / Д. Уянга, Хүдэрчулуун;
Unit10-11 - Давааням, Цэцэнлэг, Хасчулуун
2. WB -Workbook - Units 1-12 - шалгалтанд бэлтгэх гол зүйл !!!
3. TsA -Touchstone Arcade - Interactive exercises of Touchstone IV (internet)
- III, V, X, IX, X, XII,
- Дэлгэрмаа, Насанбат, Туул, Балдүү, Оюунцэцэг, Наранбаяр,
4. Essay 1; 2;
- Базаррагчаа, Мичидмаа, Соёл-Эрдэнэ, Золбоосайхан, Д.Уянга, Тулга,
5. 4 checkpoints ( Хуудас: 3 хичээл болгоны арын 2 нүүр)
6. 12 vocabulary notebooks (Хуудас: Unit болгоны хамгийн арын нүүр)
7. CV; (Blog ex: Memo; advertisement)
- Хүдэрчулуун, Соёл-Эрдэнэ, Үзмээ, Дэлгэрмаа, Золбоосайхан, Базаррагчаа, Болормаа, Мичидмаа, Пагмадулам, Отгонсүрэн, Давааням, Хасчулуун, Цэцэнлэг, Тулга,
8. A cover letter; (Blog ex- Email; letters)
- Д.Уянга;
9. Team presentation I (Writing at MUST)
- III (summarizing); XI (essay)
10. Team presentation II (Touchstone IV - Unit)
- III; V; IX; XII
Teacher's points:
I. Attendance (15 weeks ) - 15
II. Test 1 - 10
III. Test 2 - 15
IV. 30:
1. SB - Students' book - ex-s (хүснэгт) : Blog-QA;
- Соёл-Эрдэнэ, Базаррагчаа, Золбоосайхан, Үзмээ, Тулга / Д. Уянга, Хүдэрчулуун;
Unit10-11 - Давааням, Цэцэнлэг, Хасчулуун
2. WB -Workbook - Units 1-12 - шалгалтанд бэлтгэх гол зүйл !!!
3. TsA -Touchstone Arcade - Interactive exercises of Touchstone IV (internet)
- III, V, X, IX, X, XII,
- Дэлгэрмаа, Насанбат, Туул, Балдүү, Оюунцэцэг, Наранбаяр,
4. Essay 1; 2;
- Базаррагчаа, Мичидмаа, Соёл-Эрдэнэ, Золбоосайхан, Д.Уянга, Тулга,
5. 4 checkpoints ( Хуудас: 3 хичээл болгоны арын 2 нүүр)
6. 12 vocabulary notebooks (Хуудас: Unit болгоны хамгийн арын нүүр)
7. CV; (Blog ex: Memo; advertisement)
- Хүдэрчулуун, Соёл-Эрдэнэ, Үзмээ, Дэлгэрмаа, Золбоосайхан, Базаррагчаа, Болормаа, Мичидмаа, Пагмадулам, Отгонсүрэн, Давааням, Хасчулуун, Цэцэнлэг, Тулга,
8. A cover letter; (Blog ex- Email; letters)
- Д.Уянга;
9. Team presentation I (Writing at MUST)
- III (summarizing); XI (essay)
10. Team presentation II (Touchstone IV - Unit)
- III; V; IX; XII
Friday, May 1, 2015
Exercises - in your notebooks
Giving encouraging advice
It's hard to say !
Essay II - p.73 ex D2B - "Proposal for a student lounge" - 5 paragraphs / 220-250 words
(* Persuasive essay / Argumentative writing )
Structure:
1. Introduction - анхаарал татахуйц эхлэл
2. Body
- Present and explain the problem - "Student lounge" байгуулах асуудлыг дэвшүүлж тайлбарлах
- Offer a solution and explain its benefits - Шийдэл санал болгож ашиг тусыг тайлбарлах
- Explain how the solution will be implemented - Яаж шийдлээ хэрэгжүүлэхээ тайлбарлах
3. Conclusion
SB Exercises: (Хүснэгт хийгээрэй - багаараа)
U12:
A - 1a,2a,
B - 1a,b,c; 2a; 3(QA);
C - 1a,b; 2a; 3a,b(QA)
D - 1b,c, 2a, b,
U11:
A - 1a,b, 2a, 3b;
B - 1a,b,c; 2a;
C - 1a,b; 2 ; 3b;
D - 1b,c,d; 2b,
U10 :
A - 1a,b,c; 2a,b;
B - 1a,b,c; 3a; 4(QA);
C - 1a,b; 2(QA); 3a,b;
D - 1b,c,d; 2b,c; 3
Wednesday, April 29, 2015
U12B
- This time on Thursday I'll be flying to Thailand.
- Пүрэв гаригт (дараагийн) яг энэ цагт би Тайланд руу нисч байх болно.
- In two hours she'll be leaving work.
- 2 цагийн дараа тэр ажлаасаа гараад явах болно.
- Don't call him now, he'll be sleeping.
- Түүн рүү бүү утасд, тэр унтаж байгаа байх
3.We use future continuous to make polite enquiries about someone's plans (without wishing to influence those plans). - Хэн нэгний төлөвлөгөөний тухай эелдэгээр асуух (төлөвлөгөөнд нь ямар нэг нөлөө үзүүлэхэгүйгээр)
- Will you be watching TV this evening? (You simply want to know if the TV will be free)
- Өнөө орой та телевиз үзэж байх уу?
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http://www.eslcafe.com/grammar/future_perfect_tense01.html
In December, 2015 Dave's ESL Cafe will have been online for twenty years. (It hasn't yet been online for six years.)
- 2015 оны 12 сар гэхэд Давидын англи хэлний кафе 20 жил онлайн ажиллачихсан байх болно.
I hope that I will have finished this hint by 9:30 PM. (It isn't finished yet).- Орой 9.30 гэхэд энэ зааврыг би дуусчихсан байа гэж найдаж байна.
At 2:30 tomorrow afternoon, I will have finished my third class. (My classes won't- Маргааш өдрийн 2.30-д би 3дахь хичээлээ дуусчихсан байх болно.
begin until tomorrow morning and they won't finish until tomorrow at 2:30 PM.)
In about five minutes, I will have thought of at least five example sentences. (I'm- 5 минутын дараа би дор хаяж 5 уишээ өгүүлбэр бодчихсон байна даа.
thinking of example sentences now, but I still don't have five of them.)
In June, 2015, my sister will have been married for two years. (She got married- 2015 оны 6 сар гэхэд миний дүү гэрлээд 2 жил болчих юм байна.
in June, 2013. Her two-year anniversary won't be until June, 2015.)
It's 8:45 PM now. By 9:30 PM, I hope that I will have sent this hint to Dave Sperling.- Одоо оройн 8.45 болж байна. 9.30 гэхэд энэ зааврыг би Давид Сперлинг руу илгээчихсэн байх болно.
(I haven't sent it yet.)
Monday, April 27, 2015
U12A
http://www.eslgold.com/grammar/noun_verb_phrases.html
http://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/noun_phrases.htm
A noun with any sort of modifier (including just a number or an article) is a noun phrase.
Here are some examples of noun phrases:
S + V + O
S(device) + V (is) + O / Subject complement ( mirror )
http://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/noun_phrases.htm
Examples of Noun Phrases
Noun phrases are extremely common.A noun with any sort of modifier (including just a number or an article) is a noun phrase.
Here are some examples of noun phrases:
S + V + O
S(device) + V (is) + O / Subject complement ( mirror )
- The best car safety device is a rear-view mirror with a cop in it. (Dudley Moore, 1935-2002)
-
(In this example, the first noun phrase is the subject, and the second is a subject complement.)
- The best defense against the atom bomb is not to be there when it goes off. (Anon)
(In this example, there is a noun phrase within a noun phrase. The noun phrase the atom bomb is the object of the preposition against. The prepositional phrase against the atom bomb modifies defense.)
- I don't have a bank account, because I don't know my mother's maiden name. (Paula Poundstone)
-
(In this example, both noun phrases are direct objects.)
- Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity, and I'm not sure about the former. (Albert Einstein, 1879-1955)
Saturday, April 25, 2015
Давтаарай
New word definitions (matching ex)
Vocabulary: Crime and punishment (p46);
Technical problems - Fixing
Letters
Past tenses ; Passive; So / neither
Conjunctions : because; when; if; who
Reading texts & conversations
Students' ppt:
http://www.slideshare.net/dazzle_u/cover-letter-and-recommendation
http://www.slideshare.net/first_suljee/how-to-write-a-cover-letter-6435651
http://www.slideshare.net/first_suljee/footnote-48082031
Vocabulary: Crime and punishment (p46);
Technical problems - Fixing
Letters
Past tenses ; Passive; So / neither
Conjunctions : because; when; if; who
Reading texts & conversations
Students' ppt:
http://www.slideshare.net/dazzle_u/cover-letter-and-recommendation
http://www.slideshare.net/first_suljee/how-to-write-a-cover-letter-6435651
http://www.slideshare.net/first_suljee/footnote-48082031
Thursday, April 23, 2015
HW
Presentation topics:
(New words; Grammar; Reading; Questions; Exercise)
Unit 2 - Д.Уянга, Ш.Хүдэрчулуун, О.Соёл-Эрдэнэ* (III)
- "A free spirit" - p18;19
Unit 4 - Д.Баярмаа, Х.Уянга, Базаррагчаа (IX)
- "Ways to socialize" - p41; 40
Unit 5 - Отгонсүрэн, Золбоосайхан*, Тулга* (V)
- "Rules and regulations" - p52;46;44; passive of modals;
Unit 6 - С.Болормаа, А.Мичидмаа (XII)
- "Superstitions from your country" - (good luck / bad luck); p56. So / neither
Unit 1 - Насанбат, Дэлгэрмаа, Н.Энхтүвшин (XI)
- "My biggest challenge"- Your story; p9, p4;8; questions - p5;2
Unit 3 - Мөнхжаргал, Пагмадулам, Үзмээ (VIII)
- "Good manners" - p24;25
Unit 7 - Балдүү, Билгүүн, Оюунцэцэг (II)
- "A good solution" - problem solving; "to do list" DIY / p73 / Reading+
Unit 8 - Нямдалай, Жавзанпагма, Дуламсүрэн (I)
- "What is rude behavior?" - p83; Modals
Unit 9 - Мөнхзаяа, Сайнжаргал, Төгстуяа (IV)
- "We couldn't live without..." - (Material world); p93; / Reported speech+
Unit 10 - Цэцэнлэг, Хасчулуун, Давааням (VII)
- "How do you define SUCCESS?" - p105; if / Q-tags
Unit 11 - Б.Нинжингарав, Б.Баасанхүү, Мөнгөн* (IX)
- "Protect the environment" - how technology changes life - p110; Passive
Unit 12 - Г.Туул, С.Буянхишиг, Б.Наранбаяр (VI)
- "What will working lives be like in 2030?" - Fut.Cont-s/ Fut.Perf
* Нийт 35 оюутан
Happy English Language Day!
http://learningenglish.voanews.com/content/april-23-english-language-day/2730512.html
English Language Day is celebrated each year on April 23 – the date when tradition says William Shakespeare was born.
(New words; Grammar; Reading; Questions; Exercise)
Unit 2 - Д.Уянга, Ш.Хүдэрчулуун, О.Соёл-Эрдэнэ* (III)
- "A free spirit" - p18;19
Unit 4 - Д.Баярмаа, Х.Уянга, Базаррагчаа (IX)
- "Ways to socialize" - p41; 40
Unit 5 - Отгонсүрэн, Золбоосайхан*, Тулга* (V)
- "Rules and regulations" - p52;46;44; passive of modals;
Unit 6 - С.Болормаа, А.Мичидмаа (XII)
- "Superstitions from your country" - (good luck / bad luck); p56. So / neither
Unit 1 - Насанбат, Дэлгэрмаа, Н.Энхтүвшин (XI)
- "My biggest challenge"- Your story; p9, p4;8; questions - p5;2
Unit 3 - Мөнхжаргал, Пагмадулам, Үзмээ (VIII)
- "Good manners" - p24;25
Unit 7 - Балдүү, Билгүүн, Оюунцэцэг (II)
- "A good solution" - problem solving; "to do list" DIY / p73 / Reading+
Unit 8 - Нямдалай, Жавзанпагма, Дуламсүрэн (I)
- "What is rude behavior?" - p83; Modals
Unit 9 - Мөнхзаяа, Сайнжаргал, Төгстуяа (IV)
- "We couldn't live without..." - (Material world); p93; / Reported speech+
Unit 10 - Цэцэнлэг, Хасчулуун, Давааням (VII)
- "How do you define SUCCESS?" - p105; if / Q-tags
Unit 11 - Б.Нинжингарав, Б.Баасанхүү, Мөнгөн* (IX)
- "Protect the environment" - how technology changes life - p110; Passive
Unit 12 - Г.Туул, С.Буянхишиг, Б.Наранбаяр (VI)
- "What will working lives be like in 2030?" - Fut.Cont-s/ Fut.Perf
* Нийт 35 оюутан
Happy English Language Day!
http://learningenglish.voanews.com/content/april-23-english-language-day/2730512.html
English Language Day is celebrated each year on April 23 – the date when tradition says William Shakespeare was born.
Tuesday, April 21, 2015
U11B
Purpose (зорилго):
to + V = -ын/-ийн тулд
in order to + V
for + N / V+ing
Turn down air conditioning to save electricity.
Turn down air conditioning in order to save electricity.
Turn down air conditioning for saving electricity.
Contrast (эсрэг тэсрэг байдал):
in spite of + N / V+ing = -аас болоод
despite + N / V+ing
Some people water their lawns daily in spite of drought warming.
Some people water their lawns daily despite drought warming.
Reason (шалтгаан):
because of + N / V+ing = - ж байгаа шалтгаанаар
as a result of + N / V+ing
due to + N / V+ing
Climate is changing because of global warming.
Climate is changing as a result of global warming.
Climate is changing due to global warming.
Alternative (хувилбар):
instead of + N / V+ing = -ын/-ийн оронд
Take public transportation instead of driving you car.
Contrast:
Although + clause (I), (II) = -гэсэн хэдий ч
Even though + clause (I), (II)
Although environmental problems are overwhelming, there is hope.
Even though environmental problems are overwhelming, there is hope.
Reason:
(II) + because + clause (I)
Purpose:
(I) + so that + clause (II)
(I) + so + clause (II)
to + V = -ын/-ийн тулд
in order to + V
for + N / V+ing
Turn down air conditioning to save electricity.
Turn down air conditioning in order to save electricity.
Turn down air conditioning for saving electricity.
Contrast (эсрэг тэсрэг байдал):
in spite of + N / V+ing = -аас болоод
despite + N / V+ing
Some people water their lawns daily in spite of drought warming.
Some people water their lawns daily despite drought warming.
Reason (шалтгаан):
because of + N / V+ing = - ж байгаа шалтгаанаар
as a result of + N / V+ing
due to + N / V+ing
Climate is changing because of global warming.
Climate is changing as a result of global warming.
Climate is changing due to global warming.
Alternative (хувилбар):
instead of + N / V+ing = -ын/-ийн оронд
Take public transportation instead of driving you car.
Contrast:
Although + clause (I), (II) = -гэсэн хэдий ч
Even though + clause (I), (II)
Although environmental problems are overwhelming, there is hope.
Even though environmental problems are overwhelming, there is hope.
Reason:
(II) + because + clause (I)
Purpose:
(I) + so that + clause (II)
(I) + so + clause (II)
Sunday, April 19, 2015
U11A
Passive of Present Continuous
am/is/are + being + PII (Past Participle)
Internet access is being made available.
Workers are being recruited overseas.
Passive of Present Perfect
have/has + been + PII (Past participle)
The education system has been reformed.
New schools have been built.
* QA - Answer these questions in your blogs
1. What work can people do from home these days with the Internet?
2. Why do not people like long hours, on weekends, in the evenings?
3. How can companies reward employees?
4. Why should people learn new skills?
am/is/are + being + PII (Past Participle)
Internet access is being made available.
Workers are being recruited overseas.
Passive of Present Perfect
have/has + been + PII (Past participle)
The education system has been reformed.
New schools have been built.
* QA - Answer these questions in your blogs
1. What work can people do from home these days with the Internet?
2. Why do not people like long hours, on weekends, in the evenings?
3. How can companies reward employees?
4. Why should people learn new skills?
Friday, April 17, 2015
Useful language for making a presentation
1. MAKING A START - Introducing yourself and your talk
Greeting, name, position:
- Good
morning. My name’s (…). I’m ( the manager … ).
- Ladies and
gentlemen. It’s an honor to have the opportunity to address such a distinguished
audience.
- Good
morning. Let me start by saying just a few words about my background. I started
out in ...
- Welcome to
(…). I knew I’ve met some of you, but just for the benefit of those I haven’t,
my name’s (…).
Title / subject
- I’d like
to talk (to you) today about …
- I’m
going to present the recent …
explain our position on …
brief you on …
inform you about
/ describe…
focus presentation
topic paper (academic)
speech (usually to
public audience)
Purpose / Objective
- We are
here today to decide …
agree …
learn about …
- The
purpose of this talk is to update you on …
put
you in the picture about …
give you
the background to …
- This
talk is designed to act as a springboard for
discussion. Start the ball rolling.
Length
- I shall only take (…) minutes of your time.
- I plan
to brief.
- This
should be only last (…) minutes.
Outline / Main
parts
- I’ve
divided my presentation/talk into four
parts/sections. They are (…).
- The
subject can be looked at under the following
headings: (…).
- We can
break this area down into the following fields:
Firstly / first of all …
Secondly / then / next …
Thirdly / and then we come to …
Finally / lastly / last of all ...
Questions
- I’d be
glad to answer any questions at the end of my talk.
- If you
have any questions, please feel free to interrupt.
- Please
interrupt me if there’s something which needs clarifying.
Otherwise, there’ll be time for discussion at
the end.
Reference to the audience
- I can
see many of you are …;
- I know
you’ve all travelled a long way.
- You all
look as though you’ve heard this before.
- As I’m
sure you know … ;
- You may
remember …
- We have
all experienced …
- As I’m
sure we’d all agree …
2.
LINKING
THE PARTS – Linking ideas
Sequencing / Ordering
- Firstly
… secondly … thirdly … ;
- Then … next
… finally / lastly …
- Let’s
start with …;
- So that
covers ....
- Let’s
move/go on to … ;
- Now we
come to … ; That brings us to …
- Let’s
leave that (there) … ; That covers …
- Let’s
get back to …; … and turn to …
Giving reasons / causes
-
Therefore / so;
- as a
result; that’s why ;
Contrasting
- But;
-
however;
Comparing
-
similarly;
- in the
same way;
Contrasting
- in
fact;
-
actually;
Summarizing
- to sum
up;
- in
brief / in short;
Concluding
- in
conclusion;
- to
conclude;
Highlighting
- in
particular;
-
especially;
Digressing
-By the
way ;
- in
passing;
Giving examples
- For
example / for instance;
- such
as;
6. FINISHING OFF - Endings
Signaling the end
- That
brings me to the end of my presentation.
- That
completes my presentation.
- Before
I stop / finish, let me just say …
- That
covers all I wanted to say today.
Summarizing
- Let me
just run over the key points again.
- I’ll
briefly summarize the main issues.
- To sum
up …
- Briefly
…
Concluding
- As you
can see, there are some very good
reasons …
- In
conclusion …
- I’d like
to leave you with the following thought / idea.
Recommending
- So, I
would suggest that we …
- I’d
like to propose … (more formal).
- In my
opinion, the only way forward is …
Closing
- Thanks.
- Thank
you for your attention.
- Thank
you for listening.
- I hope
you will have gained an insight into …
Inviting questions
- I’d be
glad to try and answer any questions.
- So,
let’s throw it open to questions.
- Any
questions?
7. QUESTION TIME – Asking and
answering questions.
Welcoming a question
- Go ahead / Please do / Certainly.
- That’s
a good question.
- That’s
interesting.
Clarifying a question
- If I
understand you correctly, you are saying / asking …
- I
didn’t quite catch that.
- Could
you go over that again?
- I’m not
sure what you’re getting at.
Avoiding giving an answer / or taking time to think before
answering
- Perhaps
we could deal with that later.
- I’m
afraid that’s not my field.
- I don’t
have the figures with me.
- I’m
sure Mr. (…) could answer that question.
- That’s
interesting, but I’d prefer not to answer that
today.
Checking the questioner is satisfied
- Does
that answer your question?
- Is that
clear?
- May we
go on?
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