U11B

Purpose (зорилго):
to + V   = -ын/-ийн тулд
in order to + V
for + N / V+ing 

Turn down air conditioning to save electricity.


Turn down air conditioning in order to save electricity.
Turn down air conditioning for saving electricity.


Contrast (эсрэг тэсрэг байдал):
in spite of  + N / V+ing = -аас болоод
despite + N / V+ing
Some people water their lawns daily in spite of drought warming.  
Some people water their lawns daily despite drought warming. 


Reason (шалтгаан): 
because of + N / V+ing = - ж байгаа шалтгаанаар
as a result of + N / V+ing
due to + N / V+ing
Climate is changing because of global warming.
Climate is changing as a result of global warming.
Climate is changing due to global warming. 

Alternative (хувилбар):
instead of + N / V+ing  = -ын/-ийн оронд
Take public transportation instead of driving you car. 

Contrast:
Although + clause (I), (II) = -гэсэн хэдий ч
Even though + clause (I), (II)
Although environmental problems are overwhelming, there is hope.


Even though environmental problems are overwhelming, there is hope.


Reason:
(II) + because + clause (I)


Purpose:
(I) + so that + clause (II)

(I) + so + clause (II)